| DSM-IV Criteria, Pervasive Developmental
Disorders [The following is from Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM IV]
299.00 Autistic Disorder
- A total of six (or more) items from (1), (2), and (3), with
at least two from (1), and one each from (2) and (3):
| (1) |
qualitative impairment in social
interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following:
|
| (a) |
marked impairment in the use of multiple
nonverbal behaviors, such as eye-to- eye gaze, facial
expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social
interaction |
| (b) |
failure to develop peer relationships
appropriate to developmental level |
| (c) |
a lack of spontaneous seeking to share
enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people
(e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out
objects of interest) |
| (d) |
lack of social or emotional reciprocity
|
| (2) |
qualitative impairments in
communication, as manifested by at least one of the
following: |
| (a) |
delay in, or total lack of, the
development of spoken language (not accompanied by an
attempt to compensate through alternative modes of
communication such as gesture or mime) |
| (b) |
in individuals with adequate speech,
marked impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain a
conversation with others |
| (c) |
stereotyped and repetitive use of
language or idiosyncratic language |
| (d) |
lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe
play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental
level |
| (3) |
restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped
patterns of behavior, interests, and activities as
manifested by at least one of the following: |
| (a) |
encompassing preoccupation with one or
more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that
is abnormal either in intensity or focus |
| (b) |
apparently inflexible adherence to
specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals |
| (c) |
stereotyped and repetitive motor
mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting or
complex whole-body movements) |
| (d) |
persistent preoccupation with parts of
objects |
- Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the
following areas, with onset prior to age 3 years: (1) social
interaction, (2) language as used in social communication, or
(3) symbolic or imaginative play.
- The disturbance is not better accounted for by Rett's
disorder or childhood disintegrative disorder.
299.80 Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Not Otherwise
Specified
This category should be used when there is a severe and pervasive
impairment in the development of reciprocal social interaction or
verbal and nonverbal communication skills, or when stereotyped
behavior, interests, and activities are present, but the criteria
are not met for a specific pervasive developmental disorder,
schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, or avoidant
personality disorder. For example, this category includes
"atypical autism" --presentations that do not meet the criteria
for autistic disorder because of late age of onset, atypical
symptomatology, or subthreshold symptomatology, or all of these.
299.80 Asperger's Disorder
- Qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested
by at least two of the following:
| (1) |
marked impairment in the use of multiple
nonverbal behaviors, such as eye-to-eye gaze, facial
expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social
interaction |
| (2) |
failure to develop peer relationships
appropriate to developmental level |
| (3) |
a lack of spontaneous seeking to share
enjoyment, interests, or achievements with other people
(e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out
objects of interest to other people) |
| (4) |
lack of social or emotional reciprocity
|
- Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of
behavior, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least
one of the following:
| (1) |
encompassing preoccupation with one or more
stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is
abnormal either in intensity or focus |
| (2) |
apparently inflexible adherence to
specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals |
| (3) |
stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms
(e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex
whole-body movements) |
| (4) |
persistent preoccupation with parts of
objects |
- The disturbance causes clinically significant impairment in
social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
- There is no clinically significant general delay in language
(e.g., single words used by age 2 years, communicative phrases
used by age 3 years).
- There is no clinically significant delay in cognitive
development or in the development of age-appropriate self-help
skills, adaptive behavior (other than in social interaction),
and curiosity about the environment in childhood.
- Criteria are not met for another specific pervasive
developmental disorder or schizophrenia.
299.80 Rett's Disorder
- All of the following:
| (1) |
apparently normal prenatal and perinatal development |
| (2) |
apparently normal psychomotor development through the first
5 months after birth |
| (3) |
normal head circumference at birth |
- Onset of all of the following after the period of normal
development:
| (1) |
deceleration of head growth between ages 5 and 48 months
|
| (2) |
loss of previously acquired purposeful hand skills between
ages 5 and 30 months with the subsequent development of
stereotyped hand movements (i.e., hand-wringing or hand washing) |
| (3) |
loss of social engagement early in the course (although often
social interaction develops later) |
| (4) |
appearance of poorly coordinated gait or trunk movements
|
| (5) |
severely impaired expressive and receptive language
development with severe psychomotor retardation |
299.10 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- Apparently normal development for at least the first 2 years
after birth as manifested by the presence of age-appropriate
verbal and nonverbal communication, social relationships, play,
and adaptive behavior.
- Clinically significant loss of previously acquired skills
(before age 10 years) in at least two of the following areas:
(1) expressive or receptive language
(2) social skills or adaptive behavior
(3) bowel or bladder control
(4) play
(5) motor skills
- Abnormalities of functioning in at least two of the following
areas:
| (1) |
qualitative impairment in social interaction (e.g., impairment
in nonverbal behaviors, failure to develop peer relationships,
lack of social or emotional reciprocity) |
| (2) |
qualitative impairments in communication (e.g., delay or lack
of spoken language, inability to initiate or sustain a
conversation, stereotyped and repetitive use of language, lack of
varied make-believe play) |
| (3) |
restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior,
interests, and activities, including motor stereotypes and
mannerisms |
| |
|
- The disturbance is not better accounted for by another specific
pervasive developmental disorder or by schizophrenia.
|
